十三、系统软件镜像源修改（清华镜像源）

13.1 Ubuntu / Debian（apt）

自动替换（推荐）

# 备份原配置 sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak # Ubuntu 22.04 (jammy) sudo sed -i 's|http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/|https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/|g' /etc/apt/sources.list sudo sed -i 's|http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/|https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/|g' /etc/apt/sources.list # Ubuntu 20.04 (focal) sudo sed -i 's|http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/|https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/|g' /etc/apt/sources.list sudo sed -i 's|http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/|https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/|g' /etc/apt/sources.list # Debian sudo sed -i 's|http://deb.debian.org/debian|https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian|g' /etc/apt/sources.list sudo sed -i 's|http://security.debian.org/debian-security|https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list

# 更新索引 sudo apt update

手动配置

# 备份原配置 sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

# 编辑源列表 sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (jammy) 写入以下内容：

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

Debian 12 (bookworm) 写入以下内容：

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free-firmware

配置完成后更新：

sudo apt update

13.2 CentOS / RHEL（yum）

CentOS 7

# 备份原配置
sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
# 替换为清华镜像源
sudo sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
-e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos|g' \
-i.bak \
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo
# 生成缓存
sudo yum makecache

或直接下载清华源配置：

# CentOS 7 sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/CentOS-Vault-7.repo # CentOS 8（已停止维护，使用 vault 源） sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/CentOS-Vault-8.repo

sudo yum makecache

CentOS Stream 9 / Rocky Linux / AlmaLinux

# 备份原配置
sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky.repo.bak
# 替换为清华镜像源
sudo sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
-e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rocky|g' \
-i.bak \
/etc/yum.repos.d/rocky*.repo
sudo dnf makecache

13.3 EPEL 镜像源

# CentOS 7
sudo yum install -y epel-release
sudo sed -e 's|^metalink=|#metalink=|g' \
         -e 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn|g' \
         -i.bak \
         /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*.repo
# CentOS Stream 9 / Rocky Linux 9
sudo dnf install -y epel-release
sudo sed -e 's|^metalink=|#metalink=|g' \
-e 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn|g' \
-i.bak \
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel*.repo
sudo yum makecache  # 或 sudo dnf makecache

13.4 pip 镜像源

参见第十二章「Python 镜像源配置」。

13.5 npm 镜像源

# 临时使用 npm install <包名> --registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com # 永久设置 npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com # 查看当前 registry npm config get registry

# 恢复官方源 npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org/

13.6 Docker 镜像源

# 编辑 Docker 配置文件
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

写入以下内容：

{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
    "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
    "https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"
  ]
}

重启 Docker：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker

# 验证配置 docker info | grep "Registry Mirrors" -A 5

13.7 Go 模块镜像源

# 启用 Go 模块代理（Go 1.13+） go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct # 默认官方代理 go env -w GOPROXY=https://proxy.golang.org,direct

# 查看当前设置 go env GOPROXY

13.8 镜像源版本代号对照表

发行版	版本代号
Ubuntu 24.04	noble
Ubuntu 22.04	jammy
Ubuntu 20.04	focal
Ubuntu 18.04	bionic
Debian 12	bookworm
Debian 11	bullseye
Debian 10	buster
CentOS 7	—
CentOS Stream 9	—
Rocky Linux 9	—

提示：使用 command --help 可查看命令的完整帮助信息，使用 man command 可查看详细手册。