十、软件安装命令

# 安装 EPEL 源
sudo yum install -y epel-release
# 安装 Redis
sudo yum install -y redis
# 启动并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl start redis
sudo systemctl enable redis
# 检查运行状态
sudo systemctl status redis
# 测试连接
redis-cli ping

# 更新包索引
sudo apt update
# 安装 Redis
sudo apt install -y redis-server
# 启动并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl start redis-server
sudo systemctl enable redis-server
# 检查运行状态
sudo systemctl status redis-server
# 测试连接
redis-cli ping

# 下载源码
wget https://download.redis.io/releases/redis-7.2.5.tar.gz
tar -xzf redis-7.2.5.tar.gz
cd redis-7.2.5
# 编译安装
make
sudo make install
# 启动 Redis
redis-server /path/to/redis.conf

# 编辑配置文件
sudo vim /etc/redis/redis.conf
# 常见配置项
bind 0.0.0.0                    # 允许远程连接
requirepass yourpassword        # 设置密码
daemonize yes                   # 后台运行

# 安装 MySQL 8 官方 YUM 源
sudo rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
# 安装 MySQL 8
sudo yum install -y mysql-community-server
# 启动并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld
# 查看初始密码
sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
# 运行安全配置向导
sudo mysql_secure_installation

# 更新包索引
sudo apt update
# 安装 MySQL 8
sudo apt install -y mysql-server-8.0
# 启动并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl start mysql
sudo systemctl enable mysql
# 查看初始密码
sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysql/error.log
# 运行安全配置向导
sudo mysql_secure_installation

# 登录 MySQL（使用初始密码）
mysql -u root -p
# 修改 root 密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'NewPassword123!';
# 创建新用户并授权远程访问
CREATE USER 'myuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyPassword123!';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
# 配置远程访问（编辑 /etc/my.cnf 或 /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf）
bind-address = 0.0.0.0

# 安装 EPEL 源
sudo yum install -y epel-release
# 安装 Nginx
sudo yum install -y nginx
# 启动并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx
# 检查运行状态
sudo systemctl status nginx
# 配置防火墙
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# 更新包索引
sudo apt update
# 安装 Nginx
sudo apt install -y nginx
# 启动并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx
# 检查运行状态
sudo systemctl status nginx
# 配置防火墙
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'

# 安装依赖
sudo yum install -y gcc-c++ pcre-devel zlib-devel make openssl-devel
# 或 Ubuntu
sudo apt install -y build-essential libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev libssl-dev
# 下载源码
wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.26.2.tar.gz
tar -xzf nginx-1.26.2.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.26.2
# 配置并编译
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module
make
sudo make install
# 启动
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

# 管理 Nginx
sudo systemctl start nginx          # 启动
sudo systemctl stop nginx           # 停止
sudo systemctl restart nginx        # 重启
sudo systemctl reload nginx         # 重新加载配置（不中断服务）
sudo nginx -t                       # 测试配置文件语法
sudo nginx -s reload                # 重新加载配置
# 查看配置
cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf           # 主配置文件
ls /etc/nginx/conf.d/               # 子配置目录
ls /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/        # 站点配置（Ubuntu）

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}

# 安装 Certbot
sudo yum install -y certbot python3-certbot-nginx
# 或 Ubuntu
sudo apt install -y certbot python3-certbot-nginx
# 申请并自动配置 SSL 证书
sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com
# 证书自动续期
sudo certbot renew --dry-run